a) Ta có :

\(9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-18x+9\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+2\left(z^2+2z+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\)

Ta thấy : \(\left(3x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y,z\)

Do đó : \(\left(3x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(3x-3\right)^2=0\\\left(y-3\right)^2=0\\2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{cases}}\) ( thỏa mãn )

Vậy : \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(1,3,-1\right)\)

Câu (b) nữa Vinh ơi

b)

Ta có : \(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{zx}{ac}\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\frac{xyc+yza+zxb}{abc}=1\)(1)

Mặt khác : \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ayz+bxz+cyx}{xyz}=0\)

Mà : \(xyz\ne0\) ( Đề chắc chắn thiếu cái này )

\(\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cyx=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2\cdot\frac{xyc+yza+zxb}{abc}=0\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\) (đpcm)

1) \(9x^2+y^2-2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-18x+9\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+\left(2z^2+4z+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z^2+2z+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\)

mà: \(9\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0;\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0;2\left(z+1\right)^2\ge0\)

nên \(_{\hept{\begin{cases}9\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-3\right)^2=0\\2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{cases}}}\)

2) Ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}\right)=0\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)

Lại có: \(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}=1\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2}\right)+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+\frac{2xy}{ab}+\frac{2yz}{bc}+\frac{2xz}{ac}=1\)

mà : \(\frac{2xy}{ab}+\frac{2yz}{bc}+\frac{2xz}{ac}=\frac{2xyabc^2+2yzbca^2+2xzacb^2}{a^2b^2c^2}=\frac{2abc\left(cxy+ayz+bxz\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}=\frac{2abc\cdot0}{a^2b^2c^2}=0\)

Vậy \(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)

1 ) \(9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-18x+9\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+\left(2z^2+4z+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\)

Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}9\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y-3\right)^2\ge0\\2\left(z+1\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2\ge0\)

Để \(9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\) thì \(\hept{\begin{cases}9\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-3\right)^2=0\\2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{cases}}}\)

2 ) Ta có : \(\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{2xy}{ab}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{2xz}{ac}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+\frac{2yz}{bc}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\right)+\left(\frac{2xy}{ab}+\frac{2xz}{ac}+\frac{2yz}{bc}\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\right)+\frac{2xyz}{abc}\left(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\right)+\frac{2xyz}{abc}.0=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\) (đpcm(

Đặt  thì a + b + c = x + y + z

Bài 1a/

\(\frac{1}{1+x+xy}=\frac{xyz}{xyz+x+xy}=\frac{yz}{1+y+yz}\)

\(\frac{1}{1+z+xz}=\frac{y}{y+yz+xyz}=\frac{y}{1+y+yz}\)

Vậy \(M=\frac{1}{1+y+yz}+\frac{y}{1+y+yz}+\frac{yz}{1+y+yz}=1\)

Chiều về làm tiếp

Bài 1b:Lời giải này chủ yếu nhờ dự đoán trước Min là 2011/2012 đạt được khi x=2012

Ta có \(P=\frac{2012x^2-2.2012x+2012^2}{2012x^2}=\frac{\left(x-2012\right)^2+2011x^2}{2012x^2}\ge\frac{2011x^2}{2012x^2}=\frac{2011}{2012}\)

Bài 2: Dùng phân tích thành bình phương

\(10x^2+y^2+4z^2+6x-4y-4xz+5=\left(9x^2+6x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+\left(x^2-4xz+4z^2\right)\)

\(=\left(3x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(x-2z\right)^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}3x+1=0\\y-2=0\\x-2z=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-1}{3}\\y=2\\z=-\frac{1}{6}\end{cases}}}\)

Bài 3:

a/\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left(x+6\right)\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=-6,x=5\)

b/ta phân tích vế trái thành:\(\left(3x-3\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{cases}}\)

b) Ta có \(A=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{y+z+z+x+x+y}\)(BĐT Schwarz) 

\(=\frac{x+y+z}{2}=\frac{2}{2}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x^2}{y+z}=\frac{y^2}{z+x}=\frac{z^2}{x+y}\\x+y+z=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)

a) Có \(P=1.\sqrt{2x+yz}+1.\sqrt{2y+xz}+1.\sqrt{2z+xy}\)

\(\le\sqrt{\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(2x+yz+2y+xz+2z+xy\right)}\)(BĐT Bunyakovsky) 

\(=\sqrt{3.\left[2\left(x+y+z\right)+xy+yz+zx\right]}\)

\(\le\sqrt{3\left[4+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\right]}=\sqrt{3\left(4+\frac{4}{3}\right)}=4\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 2/3 

Bài 1 : 

Bât đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với :

( xy+yz + zx )(9 + x²y² +z²y² + x²z² ) \(\ge\)36xyz 

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi ta có : 

xy+ yz + zx \(\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2z^2}\)           ( 1) 

Và 9 + x²y² + z²y² + x²z² \(\ge12\sqrt[12]{x^4y^4z^4}\)

hay 9+ x²y² + z²y²+ x²z² \(\ge12\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)                (2) 

Do các vế đều dương ,từ (1) và (2) suy ra :

( xy + yz +zx )( 9+ x²y² + z²y² + x²z² ) \(\ge36xyz\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x = y  =z = 1 

Bài 2: 

\(\hept{\begin{cases}a;b;c>0\\ab+bc+ca=1\end{cases}}\)

Có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{1+a^2}\ge\sqrt{2a}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a\\\sqrt{1+b^2}\ge\sqrt{2b}\Rightarrow\frac{b}{\sqrt{1+b^2}}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}b\\\sqrt{1+c^2}\ge\sqrt{2c}\Rightarrow\frac{c}{\sqrt{1+c^2}}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c\end{cases}}\)

=> \(\sqrt{1+a^2}+\sqrt{1+b^2}+\sqrt{1+c^2}\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

=> \(\sqrt{1+a^2}+\sqrt{1+b^2}+\sqrt{1+c^2}\le\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a =b =c = \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

Theo BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương, ta có:

\(2x^2+y^2+5=\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)+4\ge2\left(xy+x+2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{2x^2+y^2+5}\le\frac{x}{2\left(xy+x+2\right)}\)(1)

Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{2y}{6y^2+z^2+6}\le\frac{2y}{4\left(yz+y+1\right)}=\frac{y}{2\left(yz+y+1\right)}\)(2)

\(\frac{4z}{3z^2+4x^2+16}\le\frac{4z}{4\left(zx+2z+2\right)}=\frac{z}{zx+2z+2}\)(3)

Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{x}{2x^2+y^2+5}+\frac{2y}{6y^2+z^2+6}+\frac{4z}{3z^2+4x^2+16}\)

\(\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{xy+x+2}+\frac{y}{yz+y+1}+\frac{2z}{zx+2z+2}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{zx}{xyz+xz+2z}+\frac{xyz}{xyz^2+xyz+xz}+\frac{2z}{zx+2z+2}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{zx}{2+xz+2z}+\frac{2}{2z+2+xz}+\frac{2z}{zx+2z+2}\right)\)(Do xyz = 2)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{zx+2z+2}{zx+2z+2}=\frac{1}{2}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = 1; z = 2